Ngemuva kweminyaka ecishe ibe mibili yezingxoxo, iPhalamende laseYurophu lavuma ngokusemthethweni indlela yokulawulwa komkhawulo we-EU Carbon Border (CBAM) ngemuva kokuvota. Lokhu kusho ukuthi intela yokuqala ye-carbon ukungenisa intela isezosetshenziswa, futhi uMthethosivivinywa weCbam uzoqala ukusebenza ngo-2026.
I-China izobhekana nomjikelezo omusha wokuvikela ukuhweba
Ngaphansi kwethonya lenkinga yezimali yomhlaba wonke, kuqhamuke umjikelezo omusha wokuvikela ukuhweba, futhi iChina, njengomthumeli omkhulu emhlabeni, athinteke kakhulu.
Uma amazwe aseYurophu neyaseMelika eboleka izimo sezulu kanye nezinkinga zemvelo futhi abeke "amanani entengo yekhabhoni", iChina izobhekana nomjikelezo omusha wokuvikela ukuhweba. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-Carbon Emission ehlanganisiwe emazweni aphesheya kwamazwe, lapho amazwe anjenge-Europe ne-America ethi "Amanani entengo yekhabhoni" futhi aqaqa amazinga e-carbon asezandleni zawo, azokwenza ngokungenakuvusa impi.
Imikhiqizo yokuthumela yamandla e-China ephezulu izoba isihloko se- "carbon tariffs"
Njengamanje, amazwe aphakamisa ukuphoqa ukuthi "amanani entengo yekhabhoni" athuthukiswa kakhulu njenge-Europe naseMelika, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-China aya eYurophu naseMelika akuwona kuphela amanani adla kakhulu.
Ngo-2008, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-United States kanye ne-European Union kwakuyimikhiqizo ye-mechay futhi kagesi, ifenisha, amathoyizi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama- $ 223.3%, ngokulandelana, okungu-67.3% we-Europe's Excental e-United States nase-European Union.
Le mikhiqizo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe idla kakhulu amandla aphezulu, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni, kanye nemikhiqizo ephansi ye-value, etholakala kalula ku- "carbonariffs". Ngokombiko wokucwaninga ovela ebhange lomhlaba, uma i- "carbon tariff" iyenziwa ngokuphelele, ukukhiqizwa kwamaShayina kungabhekana namanani entela aphakathi emakethe yamazwe omhlaba, okuholela ekunciphiseni izindleko zamabhizinisi athunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nokuncipha kwama-21% evolukisweni yokuthumela ngaphandle.
Ingabe amanani e-carbon anomthelela embonini yezindwangu?
Izintela zekhabhoni zimboza ukungeniswa kwensimbi, i-aluminium, usimende, umanyolo, ugesi kanye ne-hydrogen, futhi umthelela wazo ezimbonini ezahlukene azikwazi ukujaha. Umkhakha wezindwangu awuthinteka ngqo ngamanani e-carbon.
Ngakho-ke, ingabe amanani e-carbon anwebeka ezitsheni ngokuzayo?
Lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ngokubuka kwenqubomgomo yezintela zekhabhoni. Isizathu sokusebenzisa amanani entengo yekhabhoni e-European Union ukuvikela "ukuvuza kwekhabhoni" - Kubhekiswa ezinkampanini ze-EU ezidlulisela ukukhiqizwa emazweni anezindlela ezihamba phambili zokunciphisa izimboni (ie ukufuduka kwezimboni) ukuze kugwenywe izindleko eziphakeme zokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngaphakathi kwe-EU. Ngakho-ke ngokwesimiso, amanani entengo yekhabhoni agxile kuphela ezimbonini ezinengozi ye- "carbon avuza", okungukuthi lezo "amandla ajulile nezohwebo aveziwe (i-eite)".
Mayelana nezimboni ezisengozini yokuthi "i-carbon avuza", i-European Commission inohlu olusemthethweni njengamanje oluhlanganisa imisebenzi yezomnotho noma "okufaka phakathi izindwangu ezilandelwayo kanye nemikhiqizo yazo," ukukhiqizwa kwemicu eyenziwe ngumuntu ", kanye ne-" Textile Fungric Fings ".
Sekukonke, kuqhathaniswa nezimboni ezifana nensimbi, usimende, ubumba, kanye nokucwengwa kwamafutha, izindwangu akuyona imboni ephezulu yokuphuma. Noma ubukhulu bezintela ze-carbon bukhula ngokuzayo, kuzothinta kuphela imicu nezindwangu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi zibalwa ngemuva kwezimboni ezinjengezimboni zokucwengwa kwamafutha, ubumba, kanye nokwenza amaphepha.
Okungenani eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala ngaphambi kokuqalwa kwamanani entengo yekhabhoni, imboni yezindwangu ngeke ithinteke ngqo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamatekisi ngeke kuhlangane nezithiyo eziluhlaza ezivela e-European Union. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene ezakhiwa yi-EU ngaphansi kohlaka lwenqubomgomo ye- "Circoc Ennonomy Action" yayo, ikakhulukazi isu "elizinzile futhi eliyindilinga letimbatha", kufanele linikezwe ngumkhakha wezindwangu. Kubonisa ukuthi ngokuzayo, izindwangu ezingena emakethe ye-EU kumele ziwele "umkhawulo oluhlaza".
Isikhathi sePosi: Meyi-16-2023