I-S.Aishwariya ixoxa ngokugxuma kwezindwangu zobuchwepheshe, izinto ezintsha zakamuva kanye namandla azo emakethe akhulayo emkhakheni wemfashini nezingubo.
Uhambo Lwezintambo Zendwangu
1. Imicu yendwangu yesizukulwane sokuqala yileyo eyathengwa ngokuqondile emvelweni futhi leyo nkathi yathatha iminyaka eyizi-4,000.Isizukulwane sesibili sasihlanganisa imicu eyenziwe umuntu efana nenayiloni ne-polyester, okwakuwumphumela wemizamo eyathathwa osokhemisi ngo-1950, ukuguquka ngezinto ezifana nemicu yemvelo.Isizukulwane sesithathu sihlanganisa imicu evela emithonjeni yemvelo engasetshenziswa kancane ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabantu abakhula njalo.Lokhu akuzona nje ezinye izindlela noma ukwengeza emiculweni yemvelo ekhona, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi inezici ezihlukahlukene ezingasiza ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokusebenzisa.Ngenxa yoshintsho embonini yendwangu, umkhakha wezindwangu zobuchwepheshe uyakhula kwezomnotho othuthukile usebenzisa imikhakha eyahlukene.
2. Phakathi neminyaka yezimboni kusukela ngo-1775 kuya ku-1850, ukukhishwa kwefayibha yemvelo nokukhiqizwa kwakusezingeni eliphezulu.Isikhathi esiphakathi kuka-1870 no-1980 siphawule isiqephu sokuhlolwa kwefayibha yokwenziwa ekugcineni lapho kwaqanjwa khona igama elithi 'indwangu yobuchwepheshe'.Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, izinto ezintsha ezintsha, kuhlanganise nezinto eziguquguqukayo, izakhiwo ezinesisindo esincane kakhulu, ukubumba kwe-3D, kwavela emkhakheni wezindwangu ezihlakaniphile.Ikhulunyaka lamashumi amabili liphawula inkathi yolwazi lapho amasudi omkhathi, amarobhothi, izindwangu ezizihlanzayo, iphaneli ye-electroluminescence, izindwangu ze-chameleonic, izingubo zokuqapha umzimba ziphumelela kwezohwebo.
3. Ama-polymer okwenziwa anamandla amakhulu nokusebenza okuningi okungadlula imicu yemvelo.Isibonelo, ama-bio-polymers athathwe kummbila asetshenziswe kakhulu ekudaleni imicu yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu esebenza kahle kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kumanabukeni abolayo naguquguqukayo.Izindlela ezinjalo ezithuthukisiwe zenze imicu ekwazi ukuncibilika emanzini, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ukulahlwa kwamapayipi okukhucululwa kwendle.Amaphedi afakwa umquba aklanywe ngendlela yokuthi lawo abe nezinto zemvelo ezibolayo ezingamaphesenti ayi-100 kuwo.Lolu cwaningo luye lwalithuthukisa ngempela izinga lempilo.
Ucwaningo lwamanje
Izindwangu ezivamile ziyizinto ezilukiweyo noma ezilukiweyo ukusetshenziswa kwazo kusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa.Ngokuphambene, izindwangu zobuchwepheshe zithuthukiswa ngokusekelwe kwezicelo zomsebenzisi.Izicelo zabo zihlanganisa amasudi asemkhathini, izinso zokwenziwa nenhliziyo, abalimi izingubo ezibulala izibulala-zinambuzane, ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, izikhwama zokuvimbela izithelo ukuthi zingadliwa yizinyoni nezinto zokupakisha ezisebenza kahle ezixosha amanzi.
Amagatsha ahlukene ezindwangu zobuchwepheshe ahlanganisa izingubo, ukupakisha, ezemidlalo nokungcebeleka, ezokuthutha, ezempilo nenhlanzeko, izimboni, ezingabonakali, i-oeko-textiles, ikhaya, ukuphepha nokuvikela, ukwakha nokwakha, i-geo-textiles kanye ne-agro-textiles.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezitayela zokusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke, i-India inesabelo samaphesenti angama-35 ezindwangu zokusetshenziswa ezimpahleni nasezicathulweni (i-clothtech), amaphesenti angama-21 ezindwangu zokufaka izicelo (packtech), kanye namaphesenti ayi-8 kwezemidlalo. izindwangu (sporttech).Abanye balinganiselwa ku-36%.Kepha emhlabeni wonke umkhakha ohamba phambili yindwangu esetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezimoto, izitimela, imikhumbi, izindiza kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi (i-mobiltech), okungamaphesenti angama-25 emakethe yezindwangu zobuchwepheshe, ilandelwa yizindwangu zezimboni (indutech) ngamaphesenti ayi-16 kanye ne-sporttech. ngamaphesenti ayi-15, nazo zonke ezinye izinkambu ezingamaphesenti angama-44.Imikhiqizo engathuthukisa imboni ihlanganisa ukuthungatha amabhande ezihlalo, amanabukeni nezinto ezilahlwayo, ama-geotextiles, izindwangu ezivimbela umlilo, izingubo zokuvikela i-ballistic, izihlungi, okungezona izinto ezilukiweyo, ama-hoardings kanye nezimpawu.
Amandla amakhulu eNdiya yinethiwekhi yayo enkulu yezinsiza kanye nemakethe yasekhaya eqinile.Imboni yezindwangu yase-India isivukile emandleni amakhulu emikhakha yezobuchwepheshe nengalukiwe.Ukwesekwa okuqinile kukahulumeni ngezinqubomgomo, ukwethulwa kwemithetho efanele kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezivivinyo nezindinganiso ezifanele kungenza umthelela omuhle ekukhuleni kwale mboni.Isidingo esiyinhloko sehora yileso sabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe.Kufanele kube nezinhlelo ezengeziwe zokuqeqesha abasebenzi kanye nokuqala izikhungo zokufukamela ukuze kuhlolwe i-lab-to-land.
Amagalelo abalulekile ezinhlangano zocwaningo ezweni ayancomeka kakhulu.Bahlanganisa i-Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research Association (ATIRA), iBombay Textile Research Association (BTRA), iSouth India Textile Research Association (SITRA), Northern India Textile Research Association (NITRA), Wool Research Association (WRA), the I-Synthetic & Art Silk Mills' Research Association (SASMIRA) kanye ne-Man-made Textile Research Association (MANTRA).Amapaki endwangu ahlanganisiwe angamashumi amathathu nantathu, ahlanganisa amahlanu eTamil Nadu, amane e-Andhra Pradesh, amahlanu eKarnataka, ayisithupha eMaharashtra, ayisithupha eGujarat, amabili eRajasthan, nelilodwa e-Uttar Pradesh naseWest Bengal, kufanele asebenze ngokubambisana ukuletha lonke uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa.4,5
I-Geo-Textiles
Izindwangu ezisetshenziselwa ukumboza umhlaba noma phansi zihlukaniswa njenge-geotextiles.Izindwangu ezinjalo zisetshenziswa namuhla ekwakheni izindlu, amabhuloho, amadamu nezikhumbuzo ezikhulisa impilo yabo.[6]
Izindwangu ezipholile
Izindwangu zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukiswe i-Adidas zisiza ekugcineni izinga lokushisa lomzimba elivamile ku-37 degrees C. Izibonelo amalebula afana ne-Clima 365, i-Climaproof, Climalite ekhonza le njongo.I-Elextex iqukethe i-lamination yezendlalelo ezinhlanu zendwangu yokuqhuba kanye ne-insulating eyakha inzwa yokuthinta yonke indwangu (1 cm2 noma 1 mm2).Igunyazwe yi-Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) futhi ingathungwa, igoqwe futhi iwashwe.Lezi zinobubanzi obukhulu ezindwangu zezemidlalo.
I-Biomimetics
I-Biomimetics iwumklamo wezinto ezintsha zefayibha, amasistimu noma imishini ngocwaningo lwezinhlelo eziphilayo, ukuze zifunde ezindleleni zazo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu futhi zisebenzise lezo ekwakhiweni kwamangqamuzana nezinto ezibonakalayo.Isibonelo, ukulingisa indlela iqabunga le-lotus eliziphatha ngayo namaconsi amanzi;Ingaphezulu limahhadlahhadla ngendlela engabonakali futhi limbozwe uketshezi olufana nengcina olunokuqina okuphansi.
Lapho amanzi ewela phezu kweqabunga, umoya ovaleleke wenza umngcele onamanzi.I-engeli yokuthintana yamanzi inkulu ngenxa yento efana nengcina.Kodwa-ke, ezinye izici ezifana nokuthungwa kwendawo nazo zithinta ukuxosha.Umbandela wokuxosha amanzi ukuthi i-engeli egoqayo kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-10 degree.Lo mbono uthathwa futhi wenziwa kabusha njengendwangu.Izinto ezingaba khona zinganciphisa umzamo emidlalweni efana nokubhukuda.
I-Vivometrics
Izinto zikagesi ezihlanganiswe nezindwangu zingakwazi ukufunda izimo zomzimba ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo, umfutho wegazi, amakhalori ashisiwe, isikhathi somlenze, izinyathelo ezithathiwe namazinga komoyampilo.Lona umbono ngemuva kwe-Vivometrics, ebizwa nangokuthi izingubo zokuqapha umzimba (BMG).Ingasindisa impilo yosana olusanda kuzalwa noma yomdlali wezemidlalo.
I-brand Life inqobe imakethe ngevest yayo yokuqapha umzimba esebenza kahle.Isebenza njenge-ambulensi yendwangu ekuhlaziyeni nasekuguquleni ukuze uthole usizo.Ulwazi olubanzi lwe-cardio-pulmonary luqoqwa ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwenhliziyo, ukuma, amarekhodi omsebenzi kanye nomfutho wegazi, amazinga omoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide, izinga lokushisa lomzimba nokunyakaza.Isebenza njengento emisha enkulu emkhakheni wezemidlalo nezindwangu zezokwelapha.
Camouflage Textiles
Ubuso obushintsha umbala we-chameleon bubhekwa futhi buphinde bufakwe ezintweni zendwangu.Izindwangu zokufihla izinto eziphathelene nokufihlwa kwezinto nabantu ngokulingisa indawo ezizungezile zethulwa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.Le nqubo isebenzisa imicu esiza ekuxubeni nengemuva, into engabonisa ingemuva njengesibuko futhi iqine njengekhabhoni.
Le micu isetshenziswa kanye nekotini ne-polyester ukuze kwakhiwe izindwangu zokufihla.Ekuqaleni amaphethini amabili kuphela anombala nephethini ayeklanyelwe ukufana nesigcawu sehlathi eliwugqinsi elinemithunzi eluhlaza nokunsundu.Kodwa manje, ukuhlukahluka okuyisikhombisa kuklanywe ngokusebenza okungcono nokukhohlisa.Kuhlanganisa ukuhlukana, ukunyakaza, indawo engaphezulu, ukuma, ukukhanya, i-silhouette nesithunzi.Amapharamitha abalulekile ekuboneni umuntu ekude.Ukuhlola izindwangu zokufihla i-camouflage kunzima njengoba zihluka ngokukhanya kwelanga, umswakama kanye nesikhathi sonyaka.Ngakho-ke abantu abanobumpumputhe bemibala baqashwe ukuze bathole ukufihlwa okubonakalayo.Ukuhlaziywa kwe-subjective, ukuhlaziywa kwenani kanye nosizo lwemishini kagesi kuthathwa ukuze kuhlolwe izinto.
Izindwangu Zokulethwa Kwezidakamizwa
Intuthuko embonini yezempilo manje ihlanganisa izindwangu nemithi.
Izinto zendwangu zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezidakamizwa ngokunikeza indlela yokukhishwa okulawulwayo kwezidakamizwa esikhathini esiqhubekayo kanye nokuletha ukugcwala okuphezulu kwezidakamizwa kumathishu okuhlosiwe ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi kakhulu.Isibonelo, i-Ortho Evra transdermal contraceptive patch yabesifazane ingama-20 cm ubude, iqukethe izendlalelo ezintathu futhi ivunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwegesi Noma I-Plasma Ekuqedeni Indwangu
Umkhuba waqala ngo-1960, lapho i-plasma isetshenziselwa ukushintsha indawo yendwangu.Kuyisigaba sento esihlukile kokuqinile, uketshezi namagesi futhi ayithathi hlangothi ngogesi.Lawa amagesi e-ionized akhiwe ama-electron, ama-ion kanye nezinhlayiya ezingathathi hlangothi.I-Plasma iyigesi ene-ionized ingxenye eyakhiwe izinhlobo ezingathathi hlangothi njengama-athomu ajabulile, ama-radicals mahhala, izinhlayiya ze-meta ezizinzile kanye nezinhlobo ezishajwayo (ama-electron nama-ion).Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-plasma: i-vacuum-based kanye ne-atmospheric pressure-based.Ingaphezulu lendwangu lingaphansi kwe-electron bombardment, ekhiqizwa emkhakheni kagesi we-plasma.Ama-electron ashaya phezulu ngokusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwamandla nesivinini futhi lokhu kuholela kuseshini yeketanga engxenyeni engaphezulu yendwangu yendwangu, okwenza ukuxhumanisa okuphambanayo ngaleyo ndlela kuqiniswe okokusebenza.
Ukwelashwa kwe-plasma kuholela etching noma umphumela wokuhlanza endaweni yendwangu.I-etching ikhulisa inani lendawo engaphezulu okudala ukunamathela okungcono kwama-coatings.I-Plasma ithinta okuhlosiwe futhi incike kakhulu ngokwemvelo.Ingasetshenziswa ezindwangu zikasilika ezingabangeli ushintsho ezimpahleni zomzimba zalowo oqondiwe.Ama-Aramid afana ne-Kevlar, aphelelwa amandla lapho emanzi, angelashwa ngempumelelo nge-plasma kunezindlela ezivamile.Umuntu angakwazi futhi ukudlulisela impahla ehlukile ohlangothini ngalunye lwendwangu.Olunye uhlangothi lungaba yi-hydrophobic kanti olunye lungaba yi-hydrophilic.Ukwelashwa kwe-Plasma kusebenzela yomibili imicu yokwenziwa kanye neyemvelo ngempumelelo ethile e-anti-felting kanye nokuncipha ukumelana novolo.
Ngokungafani nokucutshungulwa kwamakhemikhali okuvamile okudinga izinyathelo eziningi zokusebenzisa ukuqedwa okuhlukile, i-plasma ivumela ukusetshenziswa kokuqedwa kwemisebenzi eminingi ngesinyathelo esisodwa futhi ngenqubo eqhubekayo.I-Woolmark inelungelo lobunikazi be-sensor perception technology (SPT) enezela iphunga ezindwangu.Inkampani yase-US i-NanoHorizons' SmartSilver iwubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili ekunikezeni isivikelo sokunqanda ukunuka nokuqeda amagciwane kumafayibha emvelo nawokwenziwa nezindwangu.Iziguli ezinesifo senhliziyo emazweni aseNtshonalanga zipholiswa etendeni eliphefumula umoya ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokushaywa unhlangothi ngokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lomzimba.Ibhandeshi lemvelo elisha lenziwe kusetshenziswa i-plasma protein fibrinogen.Njengoba lenziwe ngehlule legazi lomuntu, ibhandeshi akudingeki lisuswe.Iyancibilika esikhumbeni ngesikhathi sokuphulukiswa.15
I-Sensory Perception Technology (SPT)
Lobu buchwepheshe buthwebula amakha, ama-essence neminye imiphumela kuma-micro-capsules anamathiselwe ezindwangu.Lawa ma-micro-capsules ayiziqukathi ezincane ezinegobolondo le-polymer elivikelayo noma igobolondo le-melamine eliqapha okuqukethwe ekuhwamukeni, ekufakweni kwe-oxidation nasekungcolisweni.Lapho lezi zindwangu zisetshenziswa, amanye alawa ma-capsules ayavuleka, akhiphe okuphakathi.
I-Microencapsulation
Kuyinqubo elula ehlanganisa izinto eziwuketshezi ezihlanganisayo noma eziqinile kuma-micro spheres avaliwe (ama-microns angu-0.5-2,000).Lawa ma-microcapsules kancane kancane akhulula ama-agent asebenzayo ngokuhlikihla okulula kwemishini okuqhekeza ulwelwesi.Lawa asetshenziswa kuma-deodorants, ama-lotions, odayi, izinto ezithambisa izindwangu kanye nezinqandamalangabi.
I-Electronic Textiles
Izinto zikagesi ezigqokekayo njengale bhantshi ye-ICD yakwa-Philips ne-Levi, enomakhalekhukhwini eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nesidlali se-MP3, isebenza ngamabhethri.Ingubo eshunyekwe ngobuchwepheshe ayintsha, kodwa ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezindwangu ezihlakaniphile kuzenza zibe nokwenzeka, zifiseleke futhi zibe ngokoqobo uma zisetshenziswa.Izintambo zithungelwa endwangu ukuze kuxhunywe izisetshenziswa kusilawuli kude futhi imakrofoni ishunyekwe kukhola.Abanye abakhiqizi abaningi kamuva baqhamuka nezindwangu ezihlakaniphile ezifihla zonke izintambo.
Ihembe lebanga elide bekungenye into emisha elula ethokozisayo.Lo mqondo we-e-textile usebenza ngendlela yokuthi uma umuntu ezigona isikibha siyakhazimula.Imakwe njengenye yezinto eziqanjiwe ezithakazelisayo ngo-2006. Inikeza umuntu oyifakile umuzwa wokugona.
Uma ukwanga kuthunyelwa njengomlayezo noma nge-bluetooth, izinzwa zisabela kukho ngokudala imfudumalo, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ingcindezi, isikhathi sokugona ngumuntu ongokoqobo.Leli hembe liyawasheka okwenza kube novalo nakakhulu ukuliziba.Okunye okusunguliwe, i-Elextex iqukethe i-lamination yezendlalelo ezinhlanu zendwangu yokuqhuba kanye ne-insulating eyakha inzwa yokuthinta yonke indwangu (1 cm2 noma 1 mm2).Ingathungwa, igoqwe futhi iwashwe.19-24 Konke lokhu kusisiza ukuba siqonde indlela izinto zikagesi nezindwangu ezingahlanganiswa ngayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lempilo.
Lesi sihloko asizange sihlelwe ngabasebenzi be-XiangYu Garment sicashunwe kokuthi https://www.technicaltextile.net/articles/tech-textile-innovations-8356
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-11-2022