I-European Union ingenye yezimakethe ezibalulekile zokuthumela ngaphandle embonini yendwangu yaseChina.Ingxenye yezimpahla zendwangu nezingubo zaseShayina ezithunyelwa e-EU kuyo yonke imboni yafinyelela ku-21.6% ngo-2009, idlula i-United States ngezinga.Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye ye-EU ekuthengisweni kwezindwangu nezingubo zaseChina yancipha kancane kancane, yaze yadlulwa yi-ASEAN ngo-2021, futhi ingxenye yehle yafinyelela ku-14.4% ngo-2022. I-European Union iqhubekile nokwehla.Ngokusho kwedatha yamasiko aseShayina, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kwezindwangu nezingubo e-EU kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli kufinyelele ku-10.7 billion wamadola aseMelika, ukwehla konyaka ngonyaka ngama-20.5%, kanti ingxenye yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuyo yonke imboni yehle yafika ku-11.5%. .
I-UK yake yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yemakethe ye-EU futhi yaqeda ngokusemthethweni i-Brexit ekupheleni kuka-2020. Ngemuva kwe-Brexit ye-Brexit, inani eliphelele le-EU lendwangu nezingubo ezithengwayo liye lehla cishe ngo-15%.Ngo-2022, ukuthunyelwa kwendwangu nezingubo zaseChina e-UK kwafinyelela ku-7.63 billion dollars.Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-April 2023, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kwezindwangu nezimpahla zokugqoka e-UK kwaba ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.82, ukwehla konyaka ngo-13.4%.
Kusukela kulo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwemboni yendwangu yaseShayina ku-EU kanye nemakethe ye-English Market kwehlile, okuhlobene eduze nenkambiso yayo yomnotho omkhulu kanye nephethini yokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwendawo Esetshenziswayo
Izinga lenzalo yohlobo lwemali likhushulwe izikhathi eziningana, okwenza kube buthaka kwezomnotho, okuholela ekukhuleni okungekuhle komuntu siqu kanye nesisekelo sabathengi esingazinzile.
Kusukela ngo-2023, i-European Central Bank ikhulise inzalo izikhathi ezintathu, futhi izinga lenzalo le-benchmark likhuphuke lisuka ku-3% laya ku-3.75%, liphakeme kakhulu kunenqubomgomo ye-Zero yenzalo phakathi no-2022;IBhange LaseNgilandi liphinde lakhuphula inzalo kabili kulo nyaka, izinga lenzalo elilinganiselwe likhuphuke lafinyelela ku-4.5%, womabili afinyelela emazingeni awo aphezulu kusukela ngenhlekelele yezimali yamazwe ngamazwe ka-2008.Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo kwandisa izindleko zokuboleka, kucindezela ukubuyiswa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali, okuholela ebuthakathakeni bomnotho kanye nokwehla kokukhula kwemali engenayo yomuntu siqu.Ngekota yokuqala ka-2023, i-GDP yaseJalimane yehle ngo-0.2% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho i-GDP yase-UK ne-France inyuke ngo-0.2% kanye no-0.9% unyaka nonyaka, ngokulandelana.Izinga lokukhula lehle ngamaphesenti angu-4.3, 10.4, namaphesenti angu-3.6 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.Ngekota yokuqala, imali engenayo etholakalayo yemindeni yaseJalimane inyuke ngo-4.7% unyaka nonyaka, iholo lokuzisholo labasebenzi baseBrithani lenyuke ngo-5.2% unyaka nonyaka, lehle ngamaphesenti ama-4 namaphesenti angama-3.7 ngokulandelanayo. ngonyaka odlule, futhi amandla okuthenga angempela emizi yaseFrance ehle ngo-0.4% ngenyanga.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombiko we-British Asadal supermarket chain, i-80% yemali engenayo etholakalayo yaseBrithani yehla ngoMeyi, kanti i-40% yemindeni yaseBrithani yawela esimweni esibi semali engenayo.Iholo langempela ayanele ukukhokha izikweletu nokusebenzisa izidingo.
Intengo iyonke iphezulu, futhi amanani omthengi wezimpahla zokugqoka nezingubo ayashintshashintsha futhi ayenyuka, enza buthaka amandla angempela okuthenga.
Ethintwe izinto ezifana nokushoda kwezimali ngokweqile kanye nokushoda kwempahla, amazwe ase-Europe ngokuvamile abhekane nengcindezi enkulu yokwehla kwamandla emali kusukela ngo-2022. Nakuba i-eurozone ne-UK bezilokhu zikhuphula izinga lenzalo kusukela ngo-2022 ukuze kunqandwe ukukhuphuka kwamanani, amanani entengo e-EU nase-UK abe nawo. muva nje lehle lisuka endaweni ephezulu yalo elingaphezu kuka-10% engxenyeni yesibili ka-2022 laya ku-7% laya ku-9%, kodwa libe ngaphezu kakhulu kwezinga elivamile le-inflation elilinganiselwa ku-2%.Amanani aphezulu akhuphule kakhulu Izindleko zokuphila futhi anqanda ukukhula kwesidingo sabathengi.Ngekota yokuqala ka-2023, ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwemizi yaseJalimane kwehle ngo-1% unyaka nonyaka, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwezindleko zemizi yaseBrithani akuzange kukhule;Ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwemizi yaseFrance kwehle ngo-0.1% ngenyanga, kuyilapho inani lokudla komuntu siqu ngemva kokungabandakanyi izici zentengo lehle ngo-0.6% ngenyanga.
Ngokombono wezintengo zokusetshenziswa kwezimpahla zokugqoka, i-France, iJalimane ne-United Kingdom ayizange nje yehle kancane kancane ngokuncishiswa kwengcindezi yokwehla kwamandla emali, kodwa futhi yabonisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo esikhuphukayo.Ngokumelene nesizinda sokukhula kweholo lekhaya elimpofu, amanani entengo aphezulu anomthelela omkhulu ovimbelayo ekusetshenzisweni kwezimpahla zokugqoka.Ngekota yokuqala ka-2023, izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwezingubo zasendlini nezicathulo eJalimane zenyuke ngo-0.9% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho eFrance nase-UK, izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwezingubo zasendlini nezicathulo zehle ngo-0.4% kanye no-3.8% unyaka nonyaka. , ngezinga lokukhula lehla ngamaphesenti angu-48.4, 6.2, namaphesenti angu-27.4 ngokulandelanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.NgoMashi 2023, ukuthengiswa okuthengiswayo kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezingubo eFrance kwehle ngo-0.1% unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho ngo-April, ukuthengiswa okuthengiswayo kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezingubo eJalimane kwehle ngo-8.7% unyaka nonyaka;Ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala, ukuthengiswa okuthengiswayo kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezingubo e-UK kukhuphuke ngo-13.4% unyaka nonyaka, kwehla ngamaphesenti angama-45.3 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.Uma ukwenyuka kwentengo kukhishiwe, ukuthengiswa kwangempela kwezitolo kuwukukhula okuyiziro.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesimo sokungenisa
Njengamanje, umthamo wokungenisa izindwangu nezingubo ngaphakathi kwe-EU unyukile, kuyilapho ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kwehlile.
Amandla emakethe yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo yendwangu nezingubo ze-EU makhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ngenxa yokuncipha kancane kancane kokuhlinzekwa okuzimele kwe-EU kwendwangu nezingubo, ukuthengwa kwamanye amazwe kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuthi i-EU ihlangabezane nesidingo sabathengi.Ngo-1999, ingxenye yokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe enanini le-EU lendwangu nezimpahla zokugqoka lalingaphansi kwesigamu, kuphela ama-41.8%.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ingxenye ibilokhu ikhula unyaka nonyaka, idlula i-50% kusukela ngo-2010, ize ibuyele emuva ngaphansi kuka-50% futhi ngo-2021. Kusukela ngo-2016, i-EU iye yangenisa izindwangu nezingubo zokugqoka ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100 ezivela ngaphandle njalo ngonyaka, ngenani lokungenisa elingu-$153.9 billion ngo-2022.
Kusukela ngo-2023, isidingo sezindwangu nezingubo ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU sehlile, kanti ukuhweba kwangaphakathi kuye kwagcina ukukhula.Ngekota yokuqala, isamba semali eyizigidigidi ezingama-33 zamaRandi angenisiwe evela ngaphandle, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-7.9%, futhi ingxenye yehle yafinyelela ku-46.8%;Inani elivela kwamanye amazwe lezindwangu nezimpahla zokugqoka ngaphakathi kwe-EU lalingama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-37.5, okuwukukhuphuka ngo-6.9% unyaka nonyaka.Ngokombono wezwe nezwe, ngekota yokuqala, iJalimane neFrance angenise izindwangu nezingubo ezivela ngaphakathi kwe-EU kukhuphuke ngo-3.7% no-10.3% ngokulandelana unyaka nonyaka, kuyilapho ukuthengwa kwendwangu nezingubo ezivela ngaphandle kwe-EU kwehle ngo-0.3 % kanye no-9.9% ngokulandelana unyaka nonyaka.
Ukwehla kokungeniswa kwezindwangu nezingubo ezivela ku-European Union e-UK kuncane kakhulu kunempahla evela ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Ukungeniswa kwezindwangu kanye nezimpahla zokugqoka kweBrithani ikakhulukazi ukuhwebelana nangaphandle kwe-EU.Ngo-2022, i-UK yangenisa isamba samakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-27.61 ezindwangu nezingubo, okuyi-32% kuphela engenisiwe evela e-EU, futhi ama-68% angeniswa evela ngaphandle kwe-EU, engaphansi kancane kunenani eliphakeme lika-70.5% ngo-2010. idatha, i-Brexit ayizange ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuhwebeni kwendwangu nezingubo phakathi kwe-UK ne-EU.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, i-UK yangenisa isamba samakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7.16 ezindwangu nezingubo, lapho inani lezindwangu nezingubo ezivela e-EU lehle ngo-4.7% unyaka nonyaka, inani lezindwangu nezingubo ezivela kwamanye amazwe. ngaphandle kwe-EU yehle ngo-14.5% unyaka nonyaka, kanti ingxenye yempahla ethengwayo evela ngaphandle kwe-EU nayo yehle ngamaphesenti angama-3.8 unyaka nonyaka yafinyelela ku-63.5%.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, ingxenye yaseChina ezimakethe ze-EU kanye ne-UK yezimpahla zendwangu nezingubo ibilokhu yehla unyaka nonyaka.
Ngaphambi kuka-2020, ingxenye yaseChina emakethe yokungenisa izindwangu nezingubo ze-EU yafinyelela inani eliphakeme lama-42.5% ngo-2010, futhi selokhu lehla unyaka nonyaka, lehla laya ku-31.1% ngo-2019. omaskandi be-European Union, izingubo zokuzivikela neminye imikhiqizo.Ukungenisa okukhulu kwezinto zokuvikela ubhubhane kukhuphule isabelo seShayina emakethe yezingubo zendwangu nezingubo ze-EU lafinyelela phezulu kuma-42.7%.Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba isidingo sezinto zokuvimbela ubhubhane sehlile kusukela esiqongweni saso, futhi isimo sohwebo samazwe ngamazwe siya ngokuya siyinkimbinkimbi, isabelo semakethe sezindwangu nezingubo ezithunyelwa yiChina e-European Union sibuyele esimweni esiphansi, sifinyelela. 32.3% ngo-2022. Nakuba isabelo semakethe sase-China sehlile, isabelo semakethe samazwe amathathu aseNingizimu Asia njenge-Bangladesh, i-India, ne-Pakistan sikhule kakhulu.Ngo-2010, imikhiqizo yendwangu nezingubo yamazwe amathathu aseNingizimu Asia yabalelwa ku-18.5% kuphela wemakethe ye-EU, futhi lesi silinganiso sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-26.7% ngo-2022.
Selokhu lokho okubizwa nge-“Xinjiang Related Act” e-United States kwaqala ukusebenza, indawo yohwebo lwangaphandle yemboni yendwangu yaseShayina iye yaba inkimbinkimbi futhi yaba nzima kakhulu.NgoSepthemba 2022, Ikhomishini YaseYurophu yaphasisa lokho okusalungiswa okubizwa ngokuthi “Ukuvinjelwa Kwabasebenzi Ngempoqo,” incoma ukuthi i-EU ithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ngokuphoqelelwa emakethe ye-EU.Nakuba i-EU ingakamemezeli inqubekelaphambili kanye nosuku olusebenzayo lohlaka, abathengi abaningi baye balungisa futhi banciphisa izinga labo lokungenisa okuqondile ukuze bagweme izingozi, okwenza ngokungaqondile amabhizinisi endwangu yaseShayina akhulise umthamo wokukhiqiza phesheya kwezilwandle, okuthinta isilinganiso esiqondile sokuthekelisa kwezindwangu zaseShayina futhi izingubo zokugqoka.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-April 2023, isabelo semakethe saseShayina sezindwangu nezingubo ezivela kwamanye amazwe ezivela e-European Union sasingu-26.9% kuphela, ukwehla ngamaphesenti angu-4.1 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, futhi ingxenye ephelele yamazwe amathathu aseNingizimu Asia idlule amaphesenti angu-2.3. amaphuzu.Ngokombono wezwe lonke, isabelo seShayina ezimakethe zokungenisa izindwangu nezingubo zaseFrance naseJalimane, amazwe angamalungu ayinhloko e-European Union, sehlile, futhi isabelo salo emakethe yokungenisa yase-UK nayo ibonise umkhuba ofanayo.Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, ingxenye yezindwangu nezingubo ezithunyelwa yiChina ezimakethe zokungenisa eFrance, eJalimane nase-UK yayingama-27.5%, 23.5%, kanye nama-26.6%, ngokulandelana, ukwehla ngamaphesenti angama-4.6, 4.6, kanye namaphesenti angama-4.1. amaphuzu uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-17-2023