I-European Union ingesinye sezimakethe ezibalulekile zokuthumela ngaphandle zemboni yezindwangu zaseChina. Ingxenye ye-Textile Yezindwangu Nezingubo ZaseChina kuya kwi-EU kuyo yonke imboni ifinyelele inani eliphakeme lama-21.6% ngonyaka we-2009, edlula i-United States ngesilinganiso. Ngemuva kwalokho, ingxenye ye-EU e-Eu Textile Nettiments yaseChina yehle kancane kancane, kwaze kwadlula i-ASEAN ngo-2021, kusukela ngonyaka we-2021, kusukela ngonyaka we-2022. Kusukela ngo-2023 Ngokusho kwemininingwane yamasiko amaShayina, ukuthekelisa kweChina kwezindwangu kanye nezingubo ze-EU kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli kufinyelelwe amadola angama-20,5%, kanti ukuncipha konyaka okungu-20.5%, kanye nonyaka wokuthumela ngaphandle kwemboni kuncishisiwe ku-11.5%.
I-UK yake yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yemakethe ye-EU futhi yaqedelwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuphela kuka-2020. Ngemuva kwe-Brexit's Brexit, ukungeniswa kwendwangu ye-Brexit kanye nokugqoka okuphelele kwe-EU kanye nokungenisa impahla. Ngo-2022, ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu nezingubo zaseChina kuya e-UK kwabelwe ama-7.63 billion amadola. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, ukuthunyelwa kwamazwi kwezindwangu nezingubo e-UK kube ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,82, ukwehla konyaka we-13.4%.
Kusukela kulo nyaka, ukuthunyelwa kwezimboni zembondi yendwangu yaseChina ku-EU kanye nemakethe yemakethe yesiNgisi yehle, okuhlobene kakhulu nendlela yayo ye-macroeconomic kanye nephethini yokuthenga.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemvelo yokusebenzisa
Amanani enzalo wemali akhuliswe kaninginingi, akhulisa ubuthakathaka bezomnotho, okuholela ekukhuleni komthengisi ompofu kanye nesizinda sabathengi abangazinzile.
Kusukela ngo-2023, i-European Central Bank iphakamise amanani emalimboleko kathathu, futhi isilinganiso senzalo ye-Benchmark senyuke kusuka ku-3% kuya ku-3.75%, siphakeme kakhulu kunenqubomgomo ye-2022; IBhange LaseNgilandi liphinde laphakamisa amazinga okuthakazelisa kabili kulo nyaka, ngesilinganiso senzalo ye-Benchmark sikhuphukela ku-4,5%, zombili zifinyelela amazinga abo aphezulu kakhulu kusukela kuzinkinga zazo zezezimali zango-2008. Ukwanda kwamanani wenzalo kukhulisa izindleko zokuboleka, kuphoqelela ukululama kokutshala imali kanye nokusetshenziswa, okuholela ebuthakathakeni bezomnotho kanye nokuncipha kokukhula kwemali engenayo. Ekota yokuqala ka-2023, i-GDP yaseJalimane yehle ngo-0.2% unyaka nonyaka, ngenkathi i-GDP ye-UK neFrance inyuke nge-0.2% kanye no-0.9% unyaka nonyaka, ngokulandelana. Izinga lokukhula lancipha ngo-4,3, 10.4, namaphesenti ama-3.6 ngamaphesenti aqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Ekota yokuqala, imali elahlekile yemindeni yaseJalimane inyuke ngo-4,7% ngonyaka, umholo ogama lama-Britaning akhuphuke ngonyaka ofanayo ngonyaka owedlule, futhi amandla oqobo ophokomane aqhathaniswa nenyanga engu-0.4% ngenyanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokombiko we-British Asural Supermarket Chain, i-80% yemali engenayo yaseBrithani elahlekile yawela ngoMeyi, kwathi abangama-40% bemindeni yaseBrithani bawela esimweni esingesihle semali engenayo. Imali engenayo ayanele ukukhokha izikweletu futhi idle izidingo.
Intengo ephelele iphakeme, futhi amanani wabathengi wezingubo nezingubo imikhiqizo yokugqoka iyashintsha futhi ikhuphuka, yenza buthaka amandla wangempela wokuthenga.
Kufezeke yizinto ezifana nokushoda ngokweqile kanye nokuphakelayo kokuphakelayo, amazwe aseYurophu abhekana nezingcindezi ezinzima ze-inflationary kusukela ngo-2022 ukunqamula amanani entengo ka-2022 kuya ku-9%, kepha namanje ngaphezulu kweleveli evamile yokwehla kwamanani e-2%. Amanani aphezulu aphakamise kakhulu izindleko zokuphila futhi anqande ukukhula kwesidingo sabathengi. Ekota yokuqala ka-2023, ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwemindeni yaseJalimane kwehle ngo-1% ngonyaka, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwangempela kwemindeni yaseBrithani akuzange kwandise; Ukusetshenziswa kokugcina kwemindeni yaseFrance kwehliswe ngenyanga engu-0,1% ngenyanga, kuyilapho inani lokusebenzisa komuntu siqu ngemuva kokukhipha izici zentengo ngenyanga.
Ngokombono wezintengo zokuphuza izigqoko, iFrance, iJalimane, ne-United Kingdom akugcinanga nje kuphela ukuthi akwehla kancane kancane ngokunciphisa ukucindezela kwamanani, kodwa futhi kukhombisa inkanyezi eguquguqukayo eqhubekayo. Ngokuphikisana ne-backrop yokukhula kwemali empofu yasendlini, amanani aphezulu anomphumela omkhulu wokuvimbela ekusebenziseni izingubo. Ekota yokuqala ka-2023, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezindlu nezingubo zokusebenzisa izicathulo eJalimane kukhuphuke ngonyaka ka-0.9% ngonyaka, ngezindleko zokudla, ngezingubo zasendlini kanye namaphesenti angama-68 NgoMashi 2023, ukuthengiswa kwezitolo kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezingubo eFrance kwehle ngo-0,1% unyaka nonyaka, ngenkathi kungo-Ephreli, ukuthengiswa okuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezingubo kwehle ngo-8.7% ngonyaka; Ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala, ukuthengiswa okuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo ehlobene nezingubo e-UK kukhuphuke ngo-13.4% unyaka nonyaka, kunciphise ngamaphesenti angama-45,3 kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule. Uma ukwenyuka kwamanani kukhishwe ngaphandle, ukuthengiswa kwangempela kokuthengisa ngokuyisisekelo ukukhula kwe-zero.
Ngenisa ukuhlaziya isimo
Njengamanje, ivolumu yokungenisa izindwangu nezingubo ngaphakathi kwe-EU inyukile, ngenkathi ukungenisa kwangaphandle kwehle.
Umthamo wemakethe wokusebenzisa i-EU Textile kanye nemikhiqizo yezingubo ayikhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuncishiswa kancane kancane kokuhlinzekwa kwezindwangu ze-EU ngokuthambekela kwezindwangu nezingubo, okungeniswa kwangaphandle kuyindlela ebalulekile ye-EU ukufeza imfuno yabathengi. Ngo-1999, ingxenye yengxenye yokungenisa ngaphakathi kwinani eliphelele le-EU Textile kanye nokungenisa impahla kwakungaphansi kwengxenye, yi-41.8% kuphela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ingxenye ibilokhu iqala unyaka nonyaka, idlula ama-50% kusukela ngo-2010, kuze kube yilapho ingena ngaphansi kwama-50% ama-20%.
Kusukela ngo-2023, isidingo sezindwangu ezingenisiwe kanye nezingubo ezingeniswa ngaphandle kwe-EU sehle, ngenkathi ukuhweba kwangaphakathi kugcinile ukukhula. Ekota yokuqala, cishe amadola angama-33 ama-USiliyoni aseMelika angeniswa kusuka ngaphandle, ukwehla unyaka nonyaka we-7.9%, futhi ingxenye yehle ibe ngu-46.8%; Inani lokungenisa izindwangu nezingubo ngaphakathi kwe-EU lalingama-37,5 billion ama-US Dollars, ukukhuphuka ngo-6.9% unyaka nonyaka. Kusuka ezweni ngomqondo wezwe, kwikota yokuqala, iJalimane naseFrance angeniswa izindwangu nezingubo ezingeniswa ngaphakathi konyaka akhuphuke ngonyaka ka-AU kanye no-10.9% ngokulandelana kwayo kwehle ngo-0,9% ngonyaka.
Ukwehla kwesitekisi nokugqoka okuvela e-European Union e-UK kuncane kakhulu kunokungenisa okuvela ngaphandle kwe-EU.
Ukungenisa kwezindwangu zaseBrithani nezingubo ikakhulukazi ukuhweba ngaphandle kwe-EU. Ngo-2022, i-UK ingenise amakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2711, lapho kuphela ama-32% angeniswa avela kwa-EU, aphansi kancane kunesibalo sezokulungiswa ngo-2010.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, i-UK ingenise amakhilogremu ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-7.16, lapho inani lezindwangu nezingubo ezingeniswa yi-EU LOKWENI LAMNYANGO LOKHUMBILI LOKHU-8.5%.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ingxenye yeChina e-EU kanye nezimakethe zokungenisa izingubo zokugqoka kanye nezimakethe zokungenisa izingubo sekunciphile unyaka ngonyaka.
Ngaphambi kuka-2020, inani le-China elisemakethe ye-EU Textile kanye nemakethe yezingubo lafinyelela inani eliphakeme lama-42.5% ngonyaka we-2010, futhi sekwehlile kusukela ngonyaka we-19, kwaqalwa ukuqubuka ngokushesha kwesidingo sama-maskion aseYurophu, izingubo zokuvikela kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Ukungenisa okukhulu kwezinto zokuvimbela ubhubhane ziphakamise ingxenye yaseChina kwimakethe yokungenisa ye-EU Textile nasezingeni lokugqoka kuya ku-42.7%. Kodwa-ke, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba ukufunwa kwezinto zokuvimbela ubhubhane kunqabile kusuka phezulu kwayo, kanti nemvelo yezentengiso yamazwe aphesheya kwezindwangu ibuyele i-China emazweni aseNingizimu Asia njengeBangladesh, eNdiya, kanye nePakistan kukhuphuke kakhulu. Ngo-2010, imikhiqizo yezindwangu nezingubo zamazwe amathathu aseNingizimu Asia ibalwa nge-18,5% yemakethe yokungenisa i-EU, futhi le ndlela inyuke yaba ngu-26.7% ngonyaka we-2022.
Kusukela obizwa nge- "XINJIANG ETY EMTSOT" e-United States yaqala ukusebenza, indawo yokuhweba yakwamanye amazwe embonini yezindwangu zaseChina seyiyinkimbinkimbi futhi inzima. NgoSepthemba 2022, iKhomishini YaseYurophu yadlula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "okuphoqelelwe umsebenzi wokuvinjelwa" okusalungiswa, okuncoma ukuthi i-EU ithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngokusebenza ngenkani emakethe ephoqelelwe eMakethe ye-EU. Yize i-EU ingakamemezeli inqubekela phambili kanye nosuku olusebenzayo lokusalungiswa, abathengi abaningi baye bashintshana futhi banciphise amabhizinisi abo aqondile ukugwema amabhizinisi okukhiqiza aphesheya kwezilwandle, okuthinta isilinganiso sokuthumela esiqondile sezindwangu zaseChina nezingubo.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, isabelo semakethe saseChina esicwasweni esingeniswayo kanye nezingubo ezivela e-European Union sasingamaphesenti angama-26,9% uma kuqhathaniswa namaphoyinti amathathu aseNingizimu Asia aqhathaniswa namaphesenti amathathu. Ngokombono kazwelonke, isabelo saseChina ezimakethe zokungenisa izindwangu nezingubo zaseFrance naseJalimane, amazwe amakhulu amalungu e-European Union, anciphile, futhi isabelo sawo semakethe yokungenisa i-UK futhi sikhombise inkambiso efanayo. Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Ephreli 2023, ingxenye yezindwangu nezingubo ezithunyelwa yiChina ezimakethe zokungenisa zaseFrance, eJalimane, ezingama-26,6%, ngamaphesenti angama-4,6, namaphesenti angama-4,1 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule.
Isikhathi Seposi: Jul-17-2023