Ngemuva kwe-COVID-19, ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kube nezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu.Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO) isebenza kanzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhwebo luqala kabusha ngokushesha okukhulu, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezingubo.Ucwaningo lwakamuva ku-2023 Review of World Trade Statistics kanye nedatha evela kwiNhlangano Yezizwe (UNComtrade) ikhombisa ukuthi kukhona izitayela ezithokozisayo kwezohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wendwangu nezingubo, okuthonywa ukwanda kokungezwani kwezwe kanye nezinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zezohwebo. neChina.
Ucwaningo lwangaphandle luthole ukuthi kunezitayela ezine ezihlukene ekuhwebeni komhlaba.Okokuqala, ngemuva kwesiphithiphithi sokuthenga kanye nokukhula okubukhali okungama-20% ngo-2021, ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kube nokwehla ngo-2022. Lokhu kungase kubangelwe ukwehla komnotho kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu ezimakethe ezinkulu zokungenisa izingubo zase-United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncishiswa kwesidingo sezinto ezingavuthiwe ezidingekayo ekukhiqizweni Kwezisetshenziswa Zokuzivikela Zomuntu (i-PPE) kuholele ekwehleni ngo-4.2% kokuthunyelwa kwendwangu emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022, kwafinyelela ku-$339 billion.Lesi sibalo siphansi kakhulu kunezinye izimboni.
Isimo sesibili ukuthi nakuba i-China isalokhu ingumthengisi omkhulu wezimpahla zokugqoka emhlabeni ngo-2022, njengoba isabelo semakethe siqhubeka nokwehla, abanye abadayisi bezimpahla ezingabizi kakhulu base-Asia bathatha izintambo.I-Bangladesh isidlule i-Vietnam futhi isingeyesibili emhlabeni ngokuthumela izimpahla zokugqoka.Ngo-2022, isabelo semakethe saseChina ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla kwezimpahla emhlabeni wonke sehla safinyelela ku-31.7%, okuyiphuzu eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni wakamuva.Isabelo sayo semakethe e-United States, European Union, Canada, naseJapan sehlile.Ubudlelwano bokuhwebelana phakathi kweShayina ne-United States bubuye bube yisici esibalulekile esithinta imakethe yohwebo ngezingubo zomhlaba.
Isimo sesithathu esokuthi amazwe e-EU kanye ne-United States ahlala engamazwe ahamba phambili emakethe yezimpahla zokugqoka, enza ama-25.1% okuthunyelwa kwendwangu emhlabeni jikelele ngo-2022, kusuka ku-24.5% ngo-2021 kanye nama-23.2% ngo-2020. Ngonyaka odlule, i-United States' ukuthunyelwa kwezindwangu kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngo-5%, okuyizinga eliphezulu lokukhula phakathi kwamazwe ayi-10 aphezulu emhlabeni.Kodwa-ke, amazwe asathuthuka anemali ephakathi nendawo akhula kancane kancane, kanti iChina, iVietnam, iTürkiye kanye ne-India yenza ama-56.8% okuthunyelwa kwendwangu emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokunaka okwandayo ekuthengeni kwe-offshore, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga, amamodeli okuhweba ngezindwangu nezingubo zesifunda ahlanganiswe kakhulu ngo-2022, abe imodeli yesine evelayo.Ngonyaka odlule, cishe ama-20.8% ezimpahla zendwangu ezivela kulawa mazwe zavela ngaphakathi kwesifunda, okuwukunyuka kusuka ku-20.1% ngonyaka odlule.
Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi akuwona amazwe aseNtshonalanga kuphela, kodwa futhi I-2023 Review of World Trade Statistics ikufakazele ukuthi ngisho namazwe ase-Asia manje asehlukanisa imithombo yawo yokungenisa futhi anciphisa kancane kancane ukuthembela kwawo emikhiqizweni yaseShayina ukunciphisa ubungozi be-supply chain, konke okuzoholela ukunwetshwa okungcono.Ngenxa yesidingo samakhasimende esingalindelekile esivela emazweni ahlukahlukene esithinta ezentengiselwano zomhlaba wonke kanye nemboni yendwangu nezingubo yamazwe ngamazwe, imboni yezemfashini iyizwe ngokugcwele imiphumela yalolu bhubhane.
Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba kanye nezinye izinhlangano zomhlaba zizichaza kabusha kuzwelonke, ukubeka izinto obala okungcono, kanye namathuba okubambisana komhlaba wonke kanye nezinguquko, njengoba amanye amazwe amancane ejoyina futhi eqhudelana namazwe amakhulu kakhulu emkhakheni wezohwebo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-05-2023