Ngemuva kwe-Covil-19, ukuhweba okugcwele emhlabeni wonke sekudlule izinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu. I-World Trade Organisation (WTO) isebenza kanzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukugeleza kokuhweba kuqalisa ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ensimini yezingubo. Ucwaningo lwakamuva ekubuyekezweni kwe-2023 kwezibalo ze-World Trade kanye neNhlangano Yezizwe (Isezingeni elingejwayelekile
Ucwaningo lwangaphandle luthole ukuthi kunezindlela ezine ezihlukile ekuhwebeni komhlaba wonke. Okokuqala, ngemuva kokuphazamiseka okungakaze kwenzeke ekuthengeni kanye nokukhula okubukhali kwama-20% ngonyaka we-2021, ukuthekelisa kwezingubo kwavela ukwehla kwe-2022. Lokhu kungabikwa ukwehla komnotho kanye nokunyuka okuphezulu ezimakethe ezinkulu zokungenisa impahla zase-United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo esincishisiwe sezinto ezingavuthiwe ezidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe imishini yokuvikelwa komuntu (i-PPE) kuholele ekunciphiseni kwe-4.2% ekuthutheni kwamatekisi omhlaba nge-2022, kufinyelela ama- $ 339 billion. Le nombolo iphansi kakhulu kunezinye izimboni.
Isimo sesibili ukuthi yize iChina ihlala i-China ethumela ngaphandle emhlabeni jikelele ngonyaka we-2022, njengoba isabelo semakethe siyaqhubeka sehla, abanye abathengisi bezingubo abase-Asia abaphuza kakhulu bathatha izintambo. I-Bangladesh idlulile iVietnam futhi ibe ngumthumeli wesibili omkhulu wezwe. Ngo-2022, isabelo semakethe saseChina ngokukhishwa kwezingubo zomhlaba wonke sehle saya kuma-31.7%, okuyiphuzu eliphansi kakhulu emlandweni wakamuva. Ukwabelana Kwezimakethe Kwase-United States, e-European Union, eCanada naseJapan kuye kwehle. Ubudlelwano bezohwebo phakathi kweChina ne-United States buye baba yinto ebalulekile ethinta imakethe yokuhweba yezingubo zomhlaba.
Isimo sesithathu ukuthi amazwe ase-EU kanye ne-United States ahlala emazweni avelele emakethe yezingubo, afaka amanye ama-accountile we-20.5% ngonyaka ka-2021 no-23% ekhuphuke ngo-20%. Kodwa-ke, amazwe asathuthuka aphakathi nendawo akhula ngokuqinile, neChina, iVietnam, uTürkiye kanye ne-India afaka ama-56.8% ama-56.8% okuthengiswa kwamatekisi emhlabeni jikelele.
Ngokunakwa okuphezulu kokuthengwa kwempahla yakwa-Offshore, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseNtshonalanga, amamodeli wokuhweba wesifunda kanye nezingubo zokuhweba ziye zahlanganiswa ngo-2022, zibe yimodeli yesine evelayo. Ngonyaka owedlule, cishe ama-20.8% okufakwa kwezindwangu okuvela kwaleZawonke aqhamuka esifundeni, ukukhuphuka kusuka ku-20.1% ngonyaka owedlule.
Ucwaningo lutholile ukuthi hhayi emazweni aseNtshonalanga kuphela, kodwa futhi nokubuyekezwa kwezibalo ze-World Trade sekufakazele ukuthi ngisho namazwe ase-Asia manje selulazela ukuncika kwabo emikhiqizweni yaseChina ukunciphisa ubungozi obungcono. Ngenxa yokufunwa kwamakhasimende okungalindelekile okuvela emazweni ahlukahlukene athinta ukuhweba emhlabeni jikelele kanye nomkhakha wezingubo zamazwe omhlaba kanye nezingubo, imboni yezemfashini ithengele ngokuphelele imiphumela yobhubhane.
I-World Trade Organisation nezinye izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ziwachaza kabusha ekuhlolweni kwamanani e-multilateralism, okusobala okungcono kanye namathuba okubambisana komhlaba wonke kanye nokuguqulwa, njengoba amanye amazwe amancane ajoyina futhi ancintisane namazwe amakhulu emkhakheni wezohwebo.
Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-05-2023